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Overview
» Funktion mode of a traction battery
» Charging – Discharging
» Construction of the batterycell
» Celltypes
» Charging quantity and capacity
» Self- discharging
» Aquamatic refill system
» Funktion mode of a traction battery
A tranction battery is generally used as an energy supplier for electric driven vehicles. In a battery accumulators (energy store) come to application, which are based on an electro-chemical system. An accumulator converts electric energy into chemical energy. The system remains in an equilibrium as long as no electricity flows between the electrodes. If a current consumer is connected, the chemical energy will be converted into electric energy. The traction batteries are mostly constructed using lead accumulators. These serial connected cells create voltage and constitute the battery.
» Charging – Discharging
To avoid overcharging and restrict gasing use an adequate charging regulator. By charging the accumulator over a voltage from 2.4, the chemical process electrolyzed water into oxygen and hydrogen, instead of lead and sulphate. Thus develops an explosive composition of O2 and H2 Also the lead accumulators should not be over-discharged, because this could lead to irreparable damages of the accumulator.
» Construction of the batterycell
Lead accumulators are composed of lead-dioxide (PbO2) on the positive pole and fine blighted, porous lead (spongy lead) on the negative pole. As electrolyte 20%ual (H2SO4) sulphuric acid is used. These electrolytes are distinguished through temporary acceptance of high voltage, this is necessary for e.g. craft- and starter batteries. In discharged condition both poles are composed of lead (II) - sulphate (PbSO4).
A cell is constructed in layers of plates (the so called armour plate- cell). Depending on the number of plates in one cell, you distinguish between types of “2PzS”,”3Pzs”,(…), “6PzS” etc. To the assignation of a battery the cell-measures are deciding.
H = height without poles
Ht = height with poles
L = length
Furthermore the cells are distinguished into cells with single and double polarity.
» Celltypes
The nominal voltage of a cell enumerates 2 volt, but the voltage is fluctuating between 1,75-2,4 Volt depending on state of charge. The density of acid indicates the state of charging. The density enumerates approx. 1,28 g/ cm³ with full accumulator and 1,10 g/cm³ with discharged accumulator. In general we distinguish between two cell – types. Standard- cells with a width of 198 mm and battery cells with a width of 158 mm (British standard).
» Charging quantity and capacity
The charging quantity of an accumulator is stated in ampere hours (Ah). But in the engineering the term used for the contained charging quantity is “capacity” (nominal capacity). The extractionable capacity is a function of the size of discharging electricity (and naturally of the state of charging) and the final discharging voltage of the accumulator, i.e. the voltage that is completed through discharging. A suggestive description of the nominal capacity demands a definition of the discharging voltage and the final discharging voltage. There are some common discharging procedures, among other: discharging with constant voltage, discharging through constant resistance or discharging with constant power. Depending on the discharging procedure the accumulator has a different capacity. If the nominal capacity is multiplied with the nominal nominal voltage, so you get the energy concentration in watt hours (Wh). To multiply the voltage, many cells of equal capacity are switched in a row. For charging there are some different types of charging procedures, depending on the type of the accumulator. The charging procedure is controlled by the charging regulator.
» Selfdischarging
If an accumulator is not in use, he looses stored energy in the course of time. This process is called self- discharging. If lead accumulators are stored, they should be fully charged. The monthly self- discharging is about 5-10%. If an accumulator is discharged for a longer term, he is completely destroyed.
» Aquamatic refill system
The water refill system is used for the automatic adjusting of the nominal acid level. The charging gas leaks through the degasification vent of the plug. The replenishment procedure is controlled by the valve in the plug in connection with the floater. Depending on the applied charger, manual or automatic refill systems can be used (automatic fill systems need a magnetic valve for control at charger). You can purchase the fill systems separately. Please call us, we would like to inform you.
